Which condition might cause a patient to feel vertigo?

Vertigo is a sensation of spinning or dizziness, often caused by issues related to the inner ear, which is responsible for balance. Hearing loss, particularly when associated with inner ear dysfunction, can lead to disturbances in equilibrium. Conditions like Meniere's disease, vestibular neuritis, or benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) involve both hearing and balance issues and can result in the experience of vertigo.

The other conditions, while they may affect vision or overall health, are not directly linked to the sensation of vertigo. Cataracts and diabetic retinopathy primarily impact visual clarity and health rather than the vestibular function. Dry eyes can cause discomfort and visual disturbances but do not influence balance or inner ear function. Therefore, hearing loss is the most relevant condition in relation to experiencing vertigo.