Which of the following factors can affect a medication's action?

Age and physical condition significantly influence how a medication acts in the body. Various physiological changes that come with aging, such as alterations in metabolism, organ function, and sensitivity to drugs, can affect how the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and excretes medications. Additionally, a person's physical condition—such as the presence of chronic illnesses, overall health status, and body mass index—can further modify drug efficacy and safety. Understanding these factors is crucial for healthcare providers when prescribing medications, as they must consider the individual characteristics of each patient to optimize therapeutic outcomes and minimize potential side effects.